Apps developer reference

Note: It's worth reading the Building apps overview for a quick introduction to how to build your own app.

plugin.json file

A plugin.json file is structured as follows:

{
  "name": "<plugin_display_name>",
  "url": "<repo_url>",
  "description": "<description>",
  "main": "<entry_point>",
  "config": [
    {
      "markdown": "A Markdown block.\n[Use links](http://example.com) and other goodies!"
    },
    {
      "key": "param1",
      "name": "<param1_name>",
      "type": "<param1_type>",
      "default": "<param1_default_value>",
      "hint": "<param1_hint_value>",
      "required": true,
      "secret": true
    },
    {
      "key": "param2",
      "name": "<param2_name>",
      "type": "<param2_type>",
      "default": "<param2_default_value>",
      "required": false
    }
  ]
}

Here's an example plugin.json file from our 'Hello world app':

{
  "name": "Hello World",
  "url": "https://github.com/PostHog/helloworldplugin",
  "description": "Greet the World and Foo a Bar, JS edition!",
  "main": "index.js",
  "config": [
    {
      "markdown": "This is a sample app!"
    },
    {
      "key": "bar",
      "name": "What's in the bar?",
      "type": "string",
      "default": "baz",
      "hint": "This will be sent in a **property**",
      "required": false
    }
  ]
}

Most options in this file are self-explanatory, but there are a few worth exploring further:

main

main determines the entry point for your app, where your setupPlugin and processEvent functions are. More on these later.

config

config consists of an array of objects that each pertain to a specific configuration field or markdown explanation for your plugin.

Each object in a config can have the following properties:

Note: You can have a config field that only contains markdown. This won't be used to configure your app but can be placed anywhere in the config array and is useful for customizing the content of your app's configuration step in the PostHog UI.

PluginMeta

Check out App Types for a full spec of types for app authors.

Every plugin server function is called by the server with an object of type PluginMeta that can include global, attachments, and config, which you can use in your logic.

Here's what they do:

config

Gives you access to the app config values as described in plugin.json and configured via the PostHog interface.

Example:

export async function processEvent(event, { config }) {
    event.properties['greeting'] = config.greeting
    return event
}

global

The global object is used for sharing functionality between setupPlugin and the rest of the special functions, like processEvent, onEvent, or runEveryMinute, since global scope does not work in the context of PostHog apps. global is not shared across worker threads

Example:

export function setupPlugin({ global, config }) {
    global.eventsToTrack = (config.eventsToTrack || '').split(',') 
}

export function processEvent(event, { global, config }) {
    if(global.eventsToTrack.includes(event.event)) {
        // Do something
    }
}

attachments

attachments gives access to files uploaded by the user for config parameters of type attachment. An attachment has the following type definition:

interface PluginAttachment {
    content_type: string
    file_name: string
    contents: any
}

As such, accessing the contents of an uploaded file can be done with attachments.attachmentName.contents.

Example:

export function setupPlugin({ attachments, global }: Meta) {
    if (attachments.maxmindMmdb) {
        global.ipLookup = new Reader(attachments.maxmindMmdb.contents)
    }
}

geoip

geoip provides a way to interface with a MaxMind database running in the app server to get location data for an IP address. It is primarily used for the PostHog GeoIP plugin.

It has a locate method that takes an IP address and returns an object possibly containing city, location, postal, and subdivisions.

Read more about the response from geoip.locate here.

Maximizing reliability with RetryError

Since plugins generally handle data in some way, it's crucial for data integrity that each plugin is as reliable as possible. One system-level mechanism you can leverage to improve reliability is function retries.

While normally a plugin function simply fails without ceremony the moment it throws an error, select functions can be retried by throwing a special error type: RetryError – which is included in the @posthog/plugin-scaffold package.

As an example, it's safe to assume that a connection to an external service will fail eventually. Due to security considerations, setTimeout cannot be used in a plugin to wait until the network problem has passed, but with function retries the solution is even simpler! Just catch the connection error and throw new RetryError – the system will re-run the function for you:

import { RetryError } from '@posthog/plugin-scaffold'

export function setupPlugin() {
    try {
        // Some network connection
    } catch {
        throw new RetryError('Service is unavailable, but it might be back up in a moment')
    }
}

At the same time, make sure NOT to use RetryError when the problem cannot be intermittent – perhaps an invalid config, an unhandled edge case, or just a random bug in the code of the plugin. Retrying such a case would just put extra load on the system, without any benefit.

import { RetryError } from '@posthog/plugin-scaffold'

export function setupPlugin({ config }) {
    let eventsToTrack
    try {
        eventsToTrack = config.nonExistentKey.split(',')
    } catch {
        throw new RetryError('Retrying this will never help')
    }
}

The maximum number of retries is documented with each function, as it might differ across them. However, the mechanism is constant in its use of exponential backoff, that is: the wait time between retries is doubled with each attempt. For instance, if the 1st retry takes place 1 s after the initial failure, the gap between the 5th and the 6th will be 32 s (2^5).

As of PostHog 1.37+, the following functions are retriable:

• setupPlugin

setupPlugin function

setupPlugin is a function you can use to dynamically set app configuration based on the user's inputs at the configuration step.

You could, for example, check if an API Key inputted by the user is valid and throw an error if it isn't, prompting PostHog to ask for a new key.

It takes only an object of type PluginMeta as a parameter and does not return anything.

Example (from the PostHog MaxMind app):

export function setupPlugin({ attachments, global }) {
    if (attachments.maxmindMmdb) {
        global.ipLookup = new Reader(attachments.maxmindMmdb.contents)
    }
}

setupPlugin can be retried up to 5 times (first retry after 5 s, then 10 s after that, 20 s, 40 s, lastly 80 s) by throwing RetryError. Attempting to retry more than 5 times disables the plugin. The plugin is disabled immediately if any error other than RetryError is thrown in setupPlugin.

On PostHog Cloud and email-enabled instances of PostHog, project members are notified by email of the plugin being disabled automatically. This is to ensure that action is taken if the plugin is important for data integrity.

teardownPlugin function

teardownPlugin is ran when an app VM is destroyed, because of, for example, a app server shutdown or an update to the app. It can be used to flush/complete any operations that may still be pending, like exporting events to a third-party service.

async function teardownPlugin({ global }) {
  await global.buffer.flush()
}

processEvent function

processEvent is the juice of your app.

In essence, it takes an event as a parameter and returns an event as a result. In the process, this event can be:

• Modified
• Not returned (preventing ingestion)

It takes an event and an object of type PluginMeta as parameters and returns an event.

Here's an example (from the 'Hello World App'):

async function processEvent(event, { config}) {

    if (event.properties) {
        event.properties['hello'] = 'world'
        event.properties['bar'] = config.bar
    }

    return event
}

As you can see, the function receives the event before it is ingested by PostHog, adds properties to it (or modifies them), and returns the enriched event, which will then be ingested by PostHog (after all apps run).

Note that you cannot use storage nor cache nor external calls in processEvent apps in PostHog cloud. Furthermore you can only define one of processEvent or composeWebhook per app.

composeWebhook function

Minimum PostHog hash: https://github.com/PostHog/posthog/commit/0137b9d40d8c0b4a7183fd6bb3c718a35d116b95

composeWebhook is a non-async function that is executed at the end of the pipeline. It allows users to submit data to their own HTTP endpoint when an event happens. The function can return

• null if for a specific event we don't want to trigger an HTTP request.
• Webhook object, for which we'll trigger an HTTP request to the url with the payload, method and headers returned. If you are interested in exporting large amounts of event data from PostHog, look into batch exports.

Here's a quick example:

function composeWebhook(event) {
    if (event.event == '$autocapture') {
        return null
    }
    return {
        url: "http://pineapples-make-pizzas-delicious.com,
        body: JSON.stringify(event),
        headers: {
            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
        },
        method: 'POST',
    }
}

Note that you cannot use storage nor cache in apps in PostHog cloud. Furthermore you can only define one of processEvent or composeWebhook per app.

Testing

In order to ensure apps are stable and work as expected for all their users, we highly recommend writing tests for every app you build.

Adding testing capabilities to your app

You will need to add jest and our app testing scaffold to your project in your package.json file:

"jest": {
    "testEnvironment": "node"
},
"scripts": {
    "test": "jest ."
},
"devDependencies": {
    "@posthog/plugin-scaffold": "*",
    "jest": "^27.0.4"
}

Create your test files e.g. index.test.js or index.test.ts for testing your index.js or index.ts file

Writing tests

Write tests in jest, you can learn more about the syntax and best practices in the jest documentation. We recommend writing tests to cover the primary functions of your app (e.g. does it create events in the expected format) and also for edge cases (e.g. does it crash if no data is sent).

For more information on how to setup testing, take a look at this guide.

Logs

Apps can make use of the console for logging and debugging. console.log, console.warn, console.error, console.debug, console.info are all supported.

These logs can be seen on the 'Logs' page of each app, which can be accessed on the 'Apps' page of the PostHog UI.

Do not log a line for every event in PostHog cloud as that would create a lot of spam and waste storage.